whatever can go wrong, will go wrong

If you observe incidents closely in your life, specially wrong events then you see that if something will not go in a planned way in your life, something will go wrong then we observe that it will become worst day by day and we wonder why is this happening?

The answer comes to this question form the Murphy's Law
"Things will go wrong in any given situation, if you give them a chance” or more commonly, "whatever can go wrong, will go wrong."


Murphy's Law just reminds us that anything that can possibly happen will eventually happen (including bad stuff). It doesn't really mean we are doomed for failure. If there are 1000 different randomly possibly outcomes then eventually all of them will take place to someone at some time. If some of those outcomes are "bad", and they happen to someone, then that person might think they have been subject to Murphy's Law, but they have actually just experienced one of 1000 outcomes that maybe they didn't happen to want. 

It says you should NOT base important decisions on the unlikely chance that a bad thing will happen, but that you should cover all contingencies if possible.

For example, don't play Russian roulette because you like the 5 out of 6 chance that there is no bullet in the chamber. (Not even if there are 1 million chambers and only one bullet). Who knows it might be your last game (Possible right).

You can relate Russian roulette with uncertainty that involves risk. What Warren Buffett says on Russian roulette:
Well, we don't know exactly what'll happen. I mean, but if you gave me a six shooter and stuck a gun in— a bullet in one chamber and said spin it and five times out of six nothing bad's going to happen, but we haven't done this before, so we're not sure what's going to happen if the sixth one's pulled. It's just silly to do and we raised the debt ceiling seven times during the Bush administration and now in this administration, they're using it as a hostage and you really don't have any business by playing Russian roulette to get your way in some other matter. We should be more grown up than that.

You can see Murphy’s laws in business, manufacturing, software, etc. 

For example, don't write crappy software (or any software) and not test it under all possible conditions. Murphy's Law says that one of your customers will find an untested pattern or usage that will cause the product to fail with unknown consequences. These consequences could even be good! (But that's not very likely).

You can relate to Murphy’s law with other domains like thermodynamics.

Second law of thermodynamics.
"Anything that can increase its entropy, will increase its entropy"

You can see it in your day to day life, if you buy a new house and the builder promised you 2 years’ time, then in most of the cases it will take more than two years’ time. This is true with most of the real life cases.

We will see some examples below:

Ex 1: Despite the 99.99 percent availability that AWS’s (Amazon Web Services) agreement promises, when you are on the cloud, you must believe in Murphy’s Law,
“Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong.”

A company’s cloud architecture needs to be stronger than its weakest link.

How Netflix fix this issue of outage in comparison to other large sites hosted on AWS?

It comes from Murphy's law that Netflix’s have deep faith in Murphy’s Law, and thus Netflix developed a tool called Chaos Monkey.

Chaos Monkey is a tool internally developed at Netflix that comes from the idea of unleashing a wild monkey with a weapon in its data center (or cloud) to randomly “chew through cables” thereby disrupting its system. In simpler words, the Chaos Monkey is a bug deliberately activated into Netflix’s systems that make things go wrong with its service on a regular basis.

Netflix know that something may go wrong anytime, so instead of waiting the wrong to happen, they developed this tool Chaos Monkey, that make wrongs to happen like a virus to the system on a regular basis and Netflix find the solution and fix the wrongs (Bugs), so it will become more stronger than its competitors. 


Ex2: Let’s explore the Murphy's law in the world of investing. Recall the law once-
It is found that anything that can go wrong generally does go wrong at the worst possible time.
This is the reason that almost all accomplished value investors give so much importance to risk control and are always looking out for things that can go wrong.

Losing some money is an inevitable part of investing. In fact, there is nothing you can do to prevent it. But to be a sensible and intelligent investor, you must take responsibility for ensuring that you never lose most or all of your money.

Remember Warren Buffett's law of investing:
Rule No. 1: Never lose money.

Rule No. 2: Never forget rule No. 1.

When i started share market investing and learning, then i don't know about the Murphy's Law and this ignorance cost me a huge penalty. I bought my first share of a construction company ERA INFRA and the company that time was trading at 40rs and its share price dropped form around 150 to 40, so i thought i am buying the share at a huge bargain but that is my stupidity that i did not enquire about the cause of the bargain and why the stock price crashed from 150 to 40 and why i did not ask myself, that if the price come to 40 then it may go to 0 as well, and as a naive investor i kept averaging the share and bought more, finally i averaged the share till it crashed to 7rs and my average price was 16rs.

Another mistake, instead of accepting that the mistake was made, i believed that the stock will turn around and i make a profit and in tis hope i hold the stock for 1 and half year. And in this time i lost many other opportunities and the stock price crashed to near to zero.

If I know Murphy's law that time, i may have rescued myself from the biggest loss of my investing career.

Checkout the Era infra's performance chart:


You can find different versions of Murphy's Laws. Some of them are -

  •  Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. 
  • Left to themselves, things tend to go from bad to worse
  • Nothing is as easy as it looks - you can see it in the world, it is a complex adaptive system. Everything depends on another thing but it looks simple from outside.
  • Everything takes longer than you think - Any project ( mostly) takes more time than the estimated time, Opera house construction as an example took more than the proposed time.
  • If there is a possibility of several things going wrong, the one that will cause the most damage will be the one to go wrong. If there is a worse time for something to go wrong, it will happen then. 
A chain is no stronger than its weakest link, and life is after all a chain.William James 
  • If you perceive that there are four possible ways in which a procedure can go wrong, and circumvent these, then a fifth way, unprepared for, will promptly develop. this is the black swan in term of Nassim Nicholas Taleb.
  • If everything seems to be going well, you have obviously overlooked something. This you can term as overconfidence. 
  • Whenever you set out to do something, something else must be done first. 
  • Every solution breeds new problems. 
Observe, in case of traffic management, government make a bridge to reduce the traffic on a signal but in the process to solve the problem of traffic on a signal, it increases the traffic to the next signal. So ultimately the problem is not solved, it moved to the next signal.

Another example comes from the British time, During that time in Delhi the cobra snack’s numbers were increasing and started creating problems for the public so to solve the problem, the government started incentive program, like bring the cobra snack and get rewarded.

The government thought it may reduce the snack’s problem but in return the people started to breed the cobra snacks to get more reward. Once the government identified this trait, they stopped the reward program.

So, the people stopped breeding the snacks and left them on the road, so the number of snacks increased more than the initially identified numbers of snacks in the problem.

How Murphy's law work?

You're sitting in eight lanes of bumper-to-bumper traffic. You're more than ready to get home, but you notice, to your great dismay, that all of the other lanes seem to be moving. You change lanes. But once you do, the cars in your new lane come to a dead halt. At a standstill, you notice every lane on the highway (including the one you just left) is moving -- except yours.

Welcome to the aggravating world of Murphy's Law. This idiom says that whatever can go wrong will go wrong. And it may just be right. This isn't because of some mysterious power the law possesses. In reality, it's us who give Murphy's Law relevance. When life goes well, little is made of it. After all, we expect that things should work out in our favor. But when things go badly, we look for reasons.

Let's close the post from the wisdom of Nassim Nicholas Taleb form the book The Black Swan. What Taleb tells us on why failures fail more often-?
...Failures are also cumulative; losers are likely to also lose in the future, even if we don't take into account, the mechanism of demoralization that might exacerbate it and cause additional failures.

I hope, you get some ideas on Murphy's Law and you can find out more scenarios in your daily life. Please comment your idea’s in the comment section below.

if you are looking more on Murphy's law, do read the book on Murphy's law.

Keep reading, Keep learning,

Please subscribe

-Mahesh

Jim OShaughnessy's teachings on investing

"An investment in knowledge pays the best interest." - Benjamin Franklin
Jim OShaughnessy, Chairman & Chief Investment Officer, OSAM LLC, Author of  What Works on Wall Street and 3 other books on investing.

Recently Jim twitted a wealth of knowledge on his twitter account. This post is the replica of the twits.

1. I have been a professional investor for over 30 years. What follows is some things I think I know and some things I know I don’t know. Let’s start with some things I know I don’t know.


Once you know that you know nothing, then only your journey of knowing will start and the wisdom and knowledge will expand.

2. I don’t know how the market will perform this year. I don’t know how the market will perform next year. I don’t know if stocks will be higher or lower in five years. Indeed, even though the probabilities favor a positive outcome, I don’t know if stocks will be higher in 10 yrs.

You can not predict the future and you can not time the market. The market will go up or down, no one knows. and who says that they know the direction of the market, they are just making you fool and themselves too. just focus on fundamental of the market and stocks.

3. I DO know that, according to Forbes, “since 1945…there have been 77 market drops between 5% and 10%...and 27 corrections between 10% and 20%” I know that market corrections are a feature, not a bug, required to get good long-term performance.

Market correction is a good opportunity for a value investor. So instead of fearing from the market correction, take the advantage of it and add more good stocks to your portfolio for a long term wealth creation goal.

4. I do know that during these corrections, there will be a host of “experts” on business TV, blogs, magazines, podcasts and radio warning investors that THIS is the big one. That stocks are heading dramatically lower, and that they should get out now, while they still can.

First rule of hare market investing, Don't believe on anyone. Just listen whatever they say if you want and take the important things out of it. Then do your own homework.

Even stop watching this business news channel and stock recommendation sites, this all will not help you in long term.

Do your own analysis, read good books and read company annual reports and then decide whether to buy or not and when to buy.

TV, news, Blogs(on investment tips), market news sites, investment tips are just noise, stay away from this.
In short term, most of the things are just noise, so invest for long term only.



5. I know that given the way we are constructed, many investors will react emotionally and heed these warnings and sell their holdings, saying they will “wait until the smoke clears” before they return to the market.

On noise, don't sell your positions. First understand the situation clearly, then how it may impact the company that you are holding. if the noise or situation affect your holding company in short as well as in long term and with this if the fundamental of the company also impacted, then only take the decision else just pass this noise.

for just a thought:


6. I know that over time, most of these investors will not return to the market until well after the bottom, usually when stocks have already dramatically increased in value.

In expectation of the right price, people don't invest whenever they get the opportunity. Identify the right opportunity on the right time is the investing skill. Whenever you get the opportunity, just buy it and hold it and with time when you got more opportunity just add more.

7. I think I know that, at least for U.S. investors, no matter how much stocks drop, they will always come back and make new highs. That’s been the story in America since the late 1700s.

I feel, the same is true in Indian Stock market context as well. Check the Sensex history, you come to know that after so may crashes and so many up and down still the sensex had returned a very good interest rate compared to FD and Bonds.



8. I think I know that this cycle will repeat itself, with variations, for the rest of my life, and probably for my children’s and grandchildren’s lives as well.

The up and downs are the nature of the market, so you have to understand it and take the advantage of this up and downs. Don't fer from it.


9. Massive amounts of data have documented that while the world is very chaotic, the way humans respond to things is fairly predictable.

10. I don’t know if some incredible jump in evolution or intervention based upon new discoveries will change human nature but would gladly make a long-term bet that such a thing will not happen.


11. I don’t know what exciting new industries and companies will capture investor’s attention over the next 20 years, but I think I know that investors will get very excited by them and price them to perfection.

Change is the only permanent thing that is sure to happen. See the history, and see the change. With the change we need to adapt and change ourselves. When fact change, change your mind.

Identify the MOAT  in the opportunities and invest in the stocks which have a competitive advantage.

What John Maynard Keynes say on this:
"When events change, I change my mind. What do you do?
When the facts change, I change my mind. What do you do, sir?
When my information changes, I alter my conclusions. What do you do, sir?
When someone persuades me that I am wrong, I change my mind. What do you do?"

12. I do know that perfection is a very high hurdle that most of these innovative companies will be unable to achieve.

100% perfect investment is a dream, so if you find 80-95% perfection, just start adding it.( This  is my personal opinion)

13. I know that, as a professional investor, if my goal is to do better than the market, my investment portfolio must look very different than the market. I know that, in the short-term, the odds are against me but I think I know that in the long-term, they are in my favor.

First thing, don't copy and if still you want to copy then first do your homework. Don't compare with anyone else's portfolio or return. Everyone have their own strategy, just learn from their strategy and improve yours. Always invest for long term with a predefined goal in mind. Remember what Benjamin Graham said :
“In the short run, the market is a voting machine but in the long run, it is a weighing machine.”

14. I know that I can not tell you which individual stocks I’m buying today will be responsible for my portfolio’s overall performance. I also know that trying to guess which ones will be the best performers almost always results in guessing the wrong way.

Don't take tip and don't give tip to your friends. It's not like you are hiding something from them, it's just for their benefit only. Because market is unpredictable and if you give tip to your friend and the market will crash next day, then your relations with that friend is in trouble. 
It's human nature, that people forget the good things easily but they remember the bad things for a long time.


15. I know that as a systematic, rules-based quantitative investor, I can negate my entire track record by just once emotionally overriding my investment models, as many sadly did during the financial crisis.

In investment, before taking any decision, check all your biases. The checklist will help you here. just make a checklist and check each item from the list before making any investment decision. there is a book written by Atul Gawande on checklist, The checklist Manifesto, this book will help you to understand the importance of the checklist in investment and in life. Must read.

There is one book written on investment checklist by Michael Shearn, The Investment Checklist, Pleae do read both the books, to understand the importance of the checklist.




16. I think I know that no matter how many times you “prove” that we are saddled with a host of behavioral biases that make successful long-term investing an odds-against bet, may people will say they understand but continue to exhibit the biases.

As a human, we are prone to make mistakes. We are unknowingly exhibit to human biases and make wrong decisions. We always in constant check, while taking any investment or big decision in life, against any biases. just keep check biases and take the advantages of the biases in your favor. In the book the Art of thinking clearly, the author rolf dobelli have discussed many such biases. A must read.


17. I think I know the reason for the persistence of these “cognitive mirages” is that up to 45% of our investment choices are determined by genetics and can not be educated against.

18. I think I know that if I didn’t adhere to an entirely quantitative investment mythology, I would be as likely—maybe MORE likely—to giving into all these behavioral biases.


19. I know I don’t know exactly how much of my success is due to luck and how much is due to skill. I do know that luck definitely played, and will continue to play, a fairly substantial role.

In the world of investment, luck play a very big role. I think the 90% is the role of luck and 10% is the skill will help you to get success in investment. So don't ignore luck. Don't be overconfident about your skills.
If you start thinking that all your benefits in investing is coming due to your skill only, then you are a fool. 




20. I don’t know how the majority of investors who are indexing their portfolios will react to a bear market. I think I know that they will react badly and sell out of their indexed portfolio near a market bottom.

For a value investor the bear market and market crash is an opportunity to add more quality stocks to his portfolio. So don't \afraid from the bear market and use this opportunity in your favor.

I know the emotions play a very critical role in investing, while market is on down turn then we are afraid and sell our holdings and when market is on top we buy aggressively. This is wrong.

We must do the opposite of this behavior.
Check the cycle of market emotions:



21. I think I know that the majority of active stock market investors—both professional and aficionado—will secretly believe that while these human foibles that make investing hard apply to others, they don’t apply to them.

Human mistakes apply to both professional and new investors. We should keep a watch via checklist on this errors.

22. I know they apply to me and to everyone who works for me.

Be aware that you are not out of the market emotions if you are an  investor.


23. Finally, while I think I know that everything I’ve just said is correct, the fact is I can’t know that with certainty and that if history has taught us anything, it’s that the majority of things we currently believe are wrong.

We should always be open to new findings and new truth and once we get the new information, change accordingly. If the news facts are in align to your investment then its fine but if the new facts are against to your investment then sell the holdings immediately.

Don't be overconfident that you are always and only right. The market is a complex adaptive system and everything is depend on everything else.



Allow me to close the post with the word of Mauboussin on complex adaptive system:
The problem is that modeling complex adaptive systems is a lot messier than those other approaches.
Keep reading, keep learning,
-Mahesh 

Predicting rain doesn't count; building arks does


The idea to write this post Predicting rain doesn't count; building arks does comes from the book (My favorite) Seeking wisdom fromDarwin to Munger by Peter Bevelin.

The title of the post comes from the well-known investor and one of the richest person in the world: Mr. Warren Buffet. This is Buffett's Noah principle: 
"Predicting rain doesn't count; building arks does."



What does it mean? 
It means that telling us about market problems isn't as important as how you act on them.

In stock market, the fluctuations are the part of the market, it works on crowd mentality and all the participant in the market don't think in the same way. The same information is viewed by different people in diverse ways and the meaning also withdrawn in diverse ways. So, the reactions also different. That’s why the market go up and down. And what buffet says here is don't worry about this fluctuation. What Buffett suggests is "Building arcs", meaning use this fluctuations in your favor for the long term wealth creation. If all fundamental is right than invest more in your portfolio on reasonable price levels and this fluctuations (Rain) will help you to get the reasonable price to invest (Help you to create your arc for the long term wealth).

The Noah principle is applied to all unpredictable scenarios (Black Swans in terms of Nassim Nicholas Taleb) whether in market or in life or in business.

What peter Bevelin says in his book is: 
"Why invest resources in something today since we don't get any credit for preventing something we don't even know will happen. "

The world is a complex adaptive system and we cannot predict for sure anything in short term. So how can we predict the market direction in short term. So, the advice is always bet on long term investments.

The book 365 Days With Self-Discipline: 365 Life-Altering Thoughts on Self-Control, Mental Resilience, and Success by Meadows provides the below lessons for us-

We often ignore distant problems and we are reluctant to prevent future threats. Your decision should have a margin of safety, always have some buffer for to go wrong in your decision. You are just a human being and mistakes are part of the decision-making process and can go wrong as well. So, for taking decisions, always keep achecklist of all possible errors or threats, that may impact your long-term decision and direct you in the wrong or right directions. So, the advice is, always keep a margin of safety and always keep a checklist while taking major decisions. One more thing, always keep learning and keep reading, there is nothing called failure or success, it is just learning.

Peter Bevelin shares the words of Warren Buffett in his book as:  
"It took Noah 20 years to build an ark. And people said he was being silly because the skies were beautiful. And of course, the whole time, he looked stupid - until it started raining. You can spend a long time building an ark while everybody else is out there enjoying the sun."

What is the lesson learned here?

Your efforts to improve will draw criticism or ridicule from people who don't care about self-improvement. It's possible you will spend a long time doing things without a reward and starts wondering whether your goal makes sense. Like I am writing this blog and I know it may take a very long time to make sense for me as well as for my readers. But I think it’s a journey for a lifelong learning and as Lord Krishna suggests in Bhagvad-Gitafocus on your Karma, don’t think about the outcome. So, just keep reading, writing and learning, one day you may acquire the worldly wisdom.

"Karmanye Vadhikaraste, Ma phaleshou kada chana, Ma Karma Phala Hetur Bhurmatey Sangostva Akarmani"



 Meaning:  
"You have a right to perform your prescribed duty, but you are not entitled to the fruits of action. Never consider yourself to be the cause of the results of your activities, and never be attached to not doing your duty."

Let’s experience in our day to day life, what is the meaning of the teachings from Krishna and teachings from Mr. Buffet –

Is it worth it to spend several years working so hard to get a degree, build the business or move up the ladder in your company or invest for long time, reading books and writing this blog while others are partying and enjoying their lives on credit?

I think for me, it is a big YES. I am not writing this blog for anyone else, I am not reading the books for anyone else, I don't invest for others. I do this all for myself, I enjoy doing this activity. this is one reason for me to worth this all. The second is, I believe in Karma. Just keep doing the work.....

I know this is a very long process, and during the process you might face doubts and even feel tempted to give up. However, five or ten years from now, the once who were wasting time will get the short end of the stick when they realize that they wasted their time on ultimately meaningless pleasures (Tools of mass destruction), borrowed money on credit cards to enjoy the temporary pleasures, they don't know the benefit of delaying the gratification. Now, they are in debt, worrying about how to pay their bills, and doubting that they will never have a successful career, while you are enjoying the fruits of your labor.

check the analogy: 

Predicting rain doesn't count is enjoying (wasting) the precious time on meaningless things and building arks does meaning investing the same time in meaningful things.

Whenever you are in doubt, remind yourself that you are building an ark and that rain will come. May be now you aren't enjoying yourself as much as others are, but in the grand scheme of things or life, it's better to be prepared and suffer a little now to prosper in the future that live in sweet denial and one day when you realize it, then it's too late.

Most of my friends ask me, why I read books, why I spend less, why I invest the remaining, whatever left or reverse, why I invest first and manage my expenses in the remaining? 

My answer to them is, I am building an ARC for myself, it may, the rain (Any tragedy) come in future.

Now, we all understand, what the ARC building and what is the rain. Let’s explore some more, how we can build our own arc in life, so we get very less damage while it will rain.

Deciding to do nothing is also a decision. And the cost of doing nothing could be greater than the cost of taking an action.

We are the product of our past decisions, that we have taken at some point in past in our life. Whether decision you take consciously or not, but the decision is always taken, because deciding to do nothing is also a decision. And if all the time, we are doing some action as per the decision we make or not make, then it’s better that we should act on our conscious decisions instead of unconscious random life decisions that life through up on us, because the cost of doing nothing could be greater than the cost of taking an action. 
Remember what you want to achieve.

In the process of building your own arc, you should be having a pre-planned blue print or architecture structure of the arc in your mind. else you make something that is of no use. So always know what you want (Your Arc). then act accordingly.

Once we know what to do, we should do it. 

If we identified our arc and we have our blueprint ready clearly in our mind, then why we are not building the arc. Once you know what to do, just do it.

The 19th Century British biologist Thomas Henry Huxley said: 

"Perhaps the most valuable result of all education is the ability to make yourself do the thing you have to do when it ought to be done whether you like it or not. It is the first lesson that ought to be learned and however early a person's training begins, it is probably the last lesson a person learns thoroughly."

In simple words, if you want to travel from the city A to the city B in a car in night, then just start driving, you have car and you have light, the road will be visible to you in the night as well with the help of the car lights, and you will reach to the city B. The thing that is required is the courage to drive in the night.

The first step in solving a problem is to recognize that it does exist.



Start building your arc today, small steps make significant difference in long time. Who know when the rain will start.

Keep reading, keep learning.
-Mahesh